The width and other features of tables and columns in WordPress can be customized with additional CSS. This is also known as custom CSS.

In this example, the following CSS is added as custom CSS. This will make each column the same width and center the text content in each cell.

/* Table column width. */
.m-table33 td
{
  width: 33.33%;
  text-align: center;
}

The class m-table33 can then be used as an extra class for the default table block in the editor in WordPress. The result is, that the 3 columns will have equal width and text content will be centered.

ABC
111111
222222
Table without custom CSS.
ABC
123
222222
Table with custom CSS.